Euthanasi Voluntary Active Euthanasia, Passive Euthanasia...

According to American Heritage Dictionary euthanasia is defined as the art or practice of ending the life of a person or animal having a terminal illness or a medical condition that causes suffering. Euthanasia should be a individual choice to end a patient s life. This keeps them from going through excruciating pain due to an incurable disease. Some people think euthanasia should be out of the picture while others inquiry the effectiveness of these actions. With effectiveness, euthanasia is classified in three categories. There are three types of euthanasia; voluntary active euthanasia, passive euthanasia and physician assisted suicide. Voluntary euthanasia is actually deliberate intervention meaning by a patient wanting†¦show more content†¦Also the Church says, The temptation becomes all the greater to resolve the problem of suffering by eliminating it at the root, by hastening death so that it occurs at the moment considered most suitable. (Ionyo) There is always value t o suffering as we as human beings should realize that suffering is very important of the religious life. Another standard of Church, We as Christians should remember that beyond this life there is heaven. With euthanasia, there always is the question of ethics and morals for involved. On the medical side there is questions to be answered. Like, is it ethical to take someone s life even when they asked you repeatedly? A doctor takes the Hippocratic Oath to best treat their patient s life. The question is, should we release them from suffering or continue in trying to help the individual during their time on earth? In the article A problem for the idea of involuntary euthanasia, Neil Campbell analyzes ethnic and moral question of involuntary, voluntary and furthermore the restraints of physician assisted suicide. Campbell believes involuntary euthanasia may not exist because, When a person asks to die under such conditions there is good reason to think that the decision to die is com pelled by the pain and hence not freely chosen (Campbell, 242) Is that request what the patient wants, or is it to end the pain? Another point to examine is their quality of the person s life. Has their life disintegrated to the

Vaccines For Children Program Programs - 1522 Words

Vaccines for Children Program Beccca Hamilton The Ohio State University Vaccines for Children Program The importance of vaccines for children has a large impact on healthcare and my future practice. Therefore knowing what programs are available is critical to increasing the vaccine rates. Over the decades, there have been devastating consequences resulting from preventable communicable diseases as well as programs and strategies to assist in increasing the immunization rates. This paper will explain and critique the program called â€Å"Vaccines For Children†. This paper will also include how I will adapt this program in my future pediatric practice. The history of the Vaccines for Children program was a result of the 1989 measles epidemic in the United States. This epidemic resulted in tens of thousands of cases of measles and hundreds of deaths (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). As the Centers for Disease and Prevention investigated this epidemic it was discovered that greater half of the children who had measles had not been vaccinated. In response to that epidemic, â€Å"Congress passed the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) on August 10, 1993, creating the Vaccines for Children (VFC) Program† (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). This program became operational October 1, 1994. How the program works is, the Vaccines for Children (VFC) Program helps provide vaccines to children who cannot afford them, are uninsured, inadequatelyShow MoreRelatedImmunization Program And Its Effect On Children1107 Words   |  5 Pagessophisticated medical technology, and healthier lifestyles. Moreover, development of vaccines for numerous infectious diseases and implementation of immunization program in early childhood have reduced number of infectious disease such as rubella, polio, and small pox. Public health effort in providing vaccination to public has contributed greatly in diminishing the number of infectious disease. Hence, vaccination program of measles has been effective and less than 150 cases were reported annually (ThompsonRead MoreImmunization Provides Direct And Effective Protection Against Preventable Diseases Essay1438 Words   |  6 Pagesthe most cost effective public health interventions. Vaccines are preventing 2-3 million deaths due to diphtheria, pe rtussis(whooping cough) tetanus and measles worldwide. WHO launched the Expanded Immunization Program (EPI) in 1974 against 6 vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs) namely, diphtheria, polio, tuberculosis, pertussis, measles and tetanus. Government of India introduced EPI in 1978, which was later changed to Universal Immunization Program (UIP) in 1985. In reality, the aim with which UIPRead MoreA Parent Immunizations For A Child1270 Words   |  6 Pagestheir children without a second thought, while some struggle with if the positives outweigh the negatives, negatives sometimes being serious side effects, and sadly there are some parents that simply cannot afford to vaccinate their children or do not have the necessary resources. There are many communities worldwide that do not use immunizations, due to religious reasons or a lack of resources. (Miller, 2006) These communities see many negative health complications due to people and children notRead MoreMandatory Vaccination Program For Children1379 Words   |  6 Pagesmandatory vaccination program for children. A mandatory vaccination program is needed in Alberta as it would not only reduce the number of infections caused by various diseases, but it would also force parents to vaccinate their children, keeping their children and the people around their children safe from inf ection. A chief of medical disease states that, â€Å"several studies showed that states or districts that allow philosophical exemptions to mandated vaccines have higher rates of vaccine preventable diseases†Read MoreParents And Children Should Not Have Vaccinations1330 Words   |  6 PagesSome critics believe parents and children should not have vaccinations. There’s still a debate going on because the medical community does not agree. Healthcare professionals believes everyone should be vaccinated and it is very important. They believe vaccinations protect you when traveling, prevent childhood illnesses, it’s painless, and you take it once and you are protected for life (Pros and Cons, 2015). These diseases from other countries can be brought back into the United States and causeRead MoreThe Australia Program ( Iap ) Is Run By The Australian National Immunisation Rates By Funding Free Vaccination Programs1053 Words   |  5 PagesThe Immunise Australia Program (IAP) is run by the Australian Government and aims to increase national immunisation rates by funding free vaccination programs, administering the Australian Childhood Immunisation Register and communicating information about immunisation to the general public and health professionals. The program is complicated and is delivered through Federal, State and other agencies. The IAP follows the WHO Global Vaccine Action Plan 2011-2020 which encourages countries to ‘demonstrateRead MoreThe United Nations Children s Fund ( Unicef ) And The World Health Organization1447 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction In 2006, the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the World Health Organization (WHO) 1 published the report, Pneumonia: The forgotten killer of children which identified pneumonia as one of the world’s leading causes of childhood mortality accounting for one in five under-five deaths. The fourth Millennium Development Goal (MDG) from the 2000 summit is to reduce under-five mortality rate by two-thirds by 20151. With its significant contribution to under-five mortality, reductionRead MorePros And Cons Of Vaccination1665 Words   |  7 PagesVaccinations, Worth A Shot! Mandated Vaccinations are a huge argument right now because of health and disease issues. There are people on both sides of this argument. Some people are against vaccinating their children because they feel they are being forced to have their child get vaccinated. While some people feel the need that vaccinations are important to protect themselves from any illness or diseases. Vaccinations should be mandatory for all schools and health care purposes. For one, peopleRead MoreThe Invention Of The First Smallpox Vaccine1604 Words   |  7 PagesEver since the invention of the first smallpox vaccine more than two centuries ago, there has been plenty of discussion over the morality, ethics, effectiveness, and safety of vaccination and immunization. It has recently been argued whether laws should be introduced that make some or all vaccines mandatory for all children (Salmon 47). Parents, health care specialists, nurses, teachers and children all have an important stake in this issue. Parents argue that it is they who should have the ultimateRead MorePreventing The Influenza Virus Within School Aged Children1214 Words   |  5 PagesVIRUS 1 PREVENTING THE FLU IN SCHOOL 6 Preventing the Influenza Virus in School-aged Children Tracy Bell Community College of Baltimore County Children rely on the decisions that are made by responsible individuals in their lives including parents, caretakers, and other authorities such as teachers. Because children depend on others so heavily, health issues that affect children such as contracting the influenza virus or the flu should be discussed with the adults in their

Morally Right and Morally Wrong

Question: Discuss whats best we will likely begin discussing morally right and morally wrong. So, to get a better handle on morally right and morally wrong, we should probably discuss the different ways we can use the term good. Answer: Morally right is defined as the conscience of the individuals and the term morally wrong is basically dealt with societys moral values (Boesch, 2012). For example, layoff can be regarded as a morally wrong act as it goes against the moral values of the society. Therefore, the term good can be used in different ways. For some people, the action that takes place due to morally right activity is considered as good and to some others the activity that takes place due to morally wrong activity is considered as good. Thus, it can be said that good can be used for both the right and wrong aspects but it varies with the perception of every individual (Howell, 2012). For example, layoff is a morally right action for the management of an organization, but it is a morally wrong action from the view point of the employees. References Boesch, E. E. (2012).Symbolic action theory and cultural psychology. Springer Science Business Media. Howell, D. C. (2012).Statistical methods for psychology. Cengage Learning.

Spans of control and scalar chain Essay Example

Spans of control and scalar chain Paper Flour Daniels opted to implement a decentralised structure largely due to them being forced by the changing environment, and as a result of this they merged and became much larger in size. In order to assess this new structure Flour Daniels would have considered the nature of the product and service being offered, policy making, day-to-day management and standardisation of procedures and contract terms for employees. This would have meant that senior management still needed to maintain effective control and co-ordination of all the activities of the organisation. Ideally, organisations thinking of moving to decentralisation need to blend the benefits for customer orientation and increased responsiveness, taking into account the advantages of size, common resources and economies of scales.  Mercy Hospital adopted a completely team based approach which involved a participative style of managerial behaviour, which encouraged supportive relationships between superiors and subordinates. Group methods of organisation, decision making and supervision led to a sustained improvement in work performance reacting positively to the change in the organisations structure. Both companies changed their organisation structure, as this was clearly essential for continued economic performance and competitiveness. In adopting these changes it is apparent that due to their current success they took into account a similar framework as Christensen and Overdorf suggest, in their management styles and approaches. This framework helps managers understand what types of change the organisation is capable and incapable of handling by considering the following:  Resources access to abundant, high quality resources increases and organisations chances of coping with change. We will write a custom essay sample on Spans of control and scalar chain specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Spans of control and scalar chain specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Spans of control and scalar chain specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Processes the patterns of interaction, co-ordination, communication and decision making employees use to transform resources into products or services.  Values the standards by which employees set priorities that enable them to judge whether an order is attractive, of if a customer is more or less important or an idea for a new product is attractive or marginal. Analysis of Mercy Hospital and Fluor Daniels  Before the re-organisation of structure design within Mercy Hospital and Fluor Daniels both companies reflected a tall hierarchical structure. This is normally associated with bureaucratic organisations such as these where they were working within specialisation of tasks, hierarchy of authority and decision making with systems of rules and regulations, with many layers. This resulted in simple tasks being dealt with inefficiently due to the number of levels of authority in order for a decision to be made. As Tom Peters suggests there are three key things that must happen to an organisational structure if they are to change quickly to different circumstances.   Layers of management must be radically reduced. No more than five layers are necessary, regardless of the size.   Most support staff must be assigned to the operations of the business, reporting to line managers. They should be encouraged to be business team members rather than narrow functional specialists. A radically increased ratio of non-supervisors to supervisors must be established so that there is a wide span of control. The minimum being one supervisor to every 25-75 non-supervisors.  Although adopting different approaches as a reaction of change both companies reflect the above suggestions of Tom Peters.  Before the reorganisation employees had little or no say on how they wish to see the organisation going, with no delegated power of decision making which leads to frustration due to the beauracacy involved. Today, both companies enable empowerment of individuals allowing them greater freedom, autonomy, and self control over their work as well as responsibility for decision making. This results in the decision making process being speeded up, the release of creative innovative capacities, greater job satisfaction, motivation and commitment as well as their employees gaining a greater sense of achievement from their work. The movement of tighter and leaner organisations has increased emphasis on the demand of a flexible firm; this is highlighted by economic pressures and rapid developments in information technology. One particular approach to flexible structural design is the concept of a shamrock model. Charles Handy describes this as an organisation which possesses several parts which are nevertheless attached to a whole. This could be described as the approach taken by Fluor Daniels. Mercy Hospital and Fluor Daniels were aware that they needed to improve their efficiency and competitiveness, whilst appreciating the demand for more participative styles of management and greater involvement of staff. This drew their attention to the consideration of looking at their spans of control and scalar chains. Flatter structures, not only has benefits to both companies due to a reduction and savings on managerial costs but also by the image perceived by customers by reducing unnecessary layers of the scalar chain, with fewer levels between the top and base of the hierarchical pyramid. Mercy Hospital and Fluor Daniels observed the conclusion made by Meredith Belbin the pre-eminence of team working in current and future scenarios will inevitably lead to trapezium organisations where autonomous work groups or teams are supported by a small number of operational managers, and where strategic decisions are taken by a small group of separate managers in a balanced team.  They both incorporated the classic structure recommended for empowering, whereby their separate organisations are an inverted triangle, drawn to illustrate the role of the board of directors and facilitators in supporting positions rather than authoritative positions. Both these organisation which are team based do not require managing, it merely requires their managers and supervisors to become skilled people in facilitating, communicating good and bad news, breaking down barriers and providing expert information and knowledge.  Drucker stated There are only organisations, each of which has distinct strengths, distinct limitations and specific applications. It has become clear that organisation is not an absolute. It is a tool for making people productive in working together. As such, a given organisation structure fits certain tasks in certain conditions and at certain times.